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使用事件总线

Quarkus allows different beans to interact using asynchronous events, thus promoting loose-coupling. The messages are sent to virtual addresses. It offers 3 types of delivery mechanism:

  • point-to-point - 发送消息，一个消费者接收。如果有几个消费者监听该地址，则采用轮流的方式；

  • publish/subscribe - publish a message, all the consumers listening to the address are receiving the message;

  • request/reply - send the message and expect a response. The receiver can respond to the message in an asynchronous-fashion

All these delivery mechanisms are non-blocking, and are providing one of the fundamental brick to build reactive applications.

The asynchronous message passing feature allows replying to messages which is not supported by Reactive Messaging. However, it is limited to single-event behavior (no stream) and to local messages.

Installing

This mechanism uses the Vert.x EventBus, so you need to enable the vertx extension to use this feature. If you are creating a new project, set the extensions parameter as follows:

CLI
quarkus create app org.acme:vertx-quickstart \
    --extension='vertx,rest' \
    --no-code
cd vertx-quickstart

创建Grade项目，请添加 --gradle 或者 --gradle-kotlin-dsl 参数。

For more information about how to install and use the Quarkus CLI, see the Quarkus CLI guide.

Maven
mvn io.quarkus.platform:quarkus-maven-plugin:3.9.3:create \
    -DprojectGroupId=org.acme \
    -DprojectArtifactId=vertx-quickstart \
    -Dextensions='vertx,rest' \
    -DnoCode
cd vertx-quickstart

创建Grade项目，请添加 -DbuildTool=gradle 或者 -DbuildTool=gradle-kotlin-dsl 参数。

For Windows users:

  • If using cmd, (don’t use backward slash \ and put everything on the same line)

  • If using Powershell, wrap -D parameters in double quotes e.g. "-DprojectArtifactId=vertx-quickstart"

If you have an already created project, the vertx extension can be added to an existing Quarkus project with the add-extension command:

CLI
quarkus extension add vertx
Maven
./mvnw quarkus:add-extension -Dextensions='vertx'
Gradle
./gradlew addExtension --extensions='vertx'

Otherwise, you can manually add this to the dependencies section of your build file:

pom.xml
<dependency>
    <groupId>io.quarkus</groupId>
    <artifactId>quarkus-vertx</artifactId>
</dependency>
build.gradle
implementation("io.quarkus:quarkus-vertx")

Consuming events

To consume events, use the io.quarkus.vertx.ConsumeEvent annotation:

package org.acme.vertx;

import io.quarkus.vertx.ConsumeEvent;

import jakarta.enterprise.context.ApplicationScoped;

@ApplicationScoped
public class GreetingService {

    @ConsumeEvent                           (1)
    public String consume(String name) {    (2)
        return name.toUpperCase();
    }
}
1 If not set, the address is the fully qualified name of the bean, for instance, in this snippet it’s org.acme.vertx.GreetingService.
2 The method parameter is the message body. If the method returns something it’s the message response.

By default, the code consuming the event must be non-blocking, as it’s called on the Vert.x event loop. If your processing is blocking, use the blocking attribute:

@ConsumeEvent(value = "blocking-consumer", blocking = true)
void consumeBlocking(String message) {
    // Something blocking
}

Alternatively, you can annotate your method with @io.smallrye.common.annotation.Blocking:

@ConsumeEvent(value = "blocking-consumer")
@Blocking
void consumeBlocking(String message) {
    // Something blocking
}

When using @Blocking, it ignores the value of the blocking attribute of @ConsumeEvent. See the Quarkus Reactive Architecture documentation for further details on this topic.

Asynchronous processing is also possible by returning either an io.smallrye.mutiny.Uni or a java.util.concurrent.CompletionStage:

package org.acme.vertx;

import io.quarkus.vertx.ConsumeEvent;

import jakarta.enterprise.context.ApplicationScoped;
import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.CompletionStage;
import io.smallrye.mutiny.Uni;

@ApplicationScoped
public class GreetingService {

    @ConsumeEvent
    public CompletionStage<String> consume(String name) {
        // return a CompletionStage completed when the processing is finished.
        // You can also fail the CompletionStage explicitly
    }

    @ConsumeEvent
    public Uni<String> process(String name) {
        // return an Uni completed when the processing is finished.
        // You can also fail the Uni explicitly
    }
}
Mutiny

前面的例子使用了Mutiny响应式类型。如果你不熟悉Mutiny，请查看 Mutiny - 一个直观的响应式编程库 。

配置地址

可以配置 @ConsumeEvent 注解设置地址：

@ConsumeEvent("greeting")               (1)
public String consume(String name) {
    return name.toUpperCase();
}
1 接收发送到 greeting 地址的信息

Replying

The return value of a method annotated with @ConsumeEvent is used as response to the incoming message. For instance, in the following snippet, the returned String is the response.

@ConsumeEvent("greeting")
public String consume(String name) {
    return name.toUpperCase();
}

你也可以返回一个 Uni<T> 或一个 CompletionStage<T> 来处理异步回复：

@ConsumeEvent("greeting")
public Uni<String> consume2(String name) {
    return Uni.createFrom().item(() -> name.toUpperCase()).emitOn(executor);
}

如果你使用Context Propagation扩展，你可以注入一个 executor ：

@Inject ManagedExecutor executor;

Alternatively, you can use the default Quarkus worker pool using:

Executor executor = Infrastructure.getDefaultWorkerPool();

实现即发即弃（fire and forget）交互

You don’t have to reply to received messages. Typically, for a fire and forget interaction, the messages are consumed and the sender does not need to know about it. To implement this, your consumer method just returns void

@ConsumeEvent("greeting")
public void consume(String event) {
    // Do something with the event
}

处理信息

As said above, this mechanism is based on the Vert.x event bus. So, you can also use Message directly:

@ConsumeEvent("greeting")
public void consume(Message<String> msg) {
    System.out.println(msg.address());
    System.out.println(msg.body());
}

处理故障

If a method annotated with @ConsumeEvent throws an exception then:

  • if a reply handler is set then the failure is propagated back to the sender via an io.vertx.core.eventbus.ReplyException with code ConsumeEvent#FAILURE_CODE and the exception message,

  • if no reply handler is set then the exception is rethrown (and wrapped in a RuntimeException if necessary) and can be handled by the default exception handler, i.e. io.vertx.core.Vertx#exceptionHandler().

发送信息

Ok, we have seen how to receive messages, let’s now switch to the other side: the sender. Sending and publishing messages use the Vert.x event bus:

package org.acme.vertx;

import io.smallrye.mutiny.Uni;
import io.vertx.mutiny.core.eventbus.EventBus;
import io.vertx.mutiny.core.eventbus.Message;

import jakarta.inject.Inject;
import jakarta.ws.rs.GET;
import jakarta.ws.rs.Path;
import jakarta.ws.rs.Produces;
import jakarta.ws.rs.core.MediaType;

@Path("/async")
public class EventResource {

    @Inject
    EventBus bus;                                       (1)

    @GET
    @Produces(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN)
    @Path("{name}")
    public Uni<String> greeting(String name) {
        return bus.<String>request("greeting", name)        (2)
                .onItem().transform(Message::body);
    }
}
1 注入事件总线
2 发送消息到地址 greeting 。消息的有效载荷是 name

EventBus 对象提供了以下方法：

  1. send 一个消息到一个特定的地址 - 单个消费者收到该消息。

  2. publish 向一个特定的地址发送消息—​所有的消费者都会收到这些消息。

  3. send a message and expect reply asynchronously

  4. send a message and expect reply in a blocking manner

// Case 1
bus.<String>requestAndForget("greeting", name);
// Case 2
bus.publish("greeting", name);
// Case 3
Uni<String> response = bus.<String>request("address", "hello, how are you?")
        .onItem().transform(Message::body);
// Case 4
String response = bus.<String>requestAndAwait("greeting", name).body();

Putting things together - bridging HTTP and messages

Let’s revisit a greeting HTTP endpoint and use asynchronous message passing to delegate the call to a separated bean. It uses the request/reply dispatching mechanism. Instead of implementing the business logic inside the Jakarta REST endpoint, we are sending a message. This message is consumed by another bean and the response is sent using the reply mechanism.

First create a new project using:

CLI
quarkus create app org.acme:vertx-http-quickstart \
    --extension='vertx,rest' \
    --no-code
cd vertx-http-quickstart

创建Grade项目，请添加 --gradle 或者 --gradle-kotlin-dsl 参数。

For more information about how to install and use the Quarkus CLI, see the Quarkus CLI guide.

Maven
mvn io.quarkus.platform:quarkus-maven-plugin:3.9.3:create \
    -DprojectGroupId=org.acme \
    -DprojectArtifactId=vertx-http-quickstart \
    -Dextensions='vertx,rest' \
    -DnoCode
cd vertx-http-quickstart

创建Grade项目，请添加 -DbuildTool=gradle 或者 -DbuildTool=gradle-kotlin-dsl 参数。

For Windows users:

  • If using cmd, (don’t use backward slash \ and put everything on the same line)

  • If using Powershell, wrap -D parameters in double quotes e.g. "-DprojectArtifactId=vertx-http-quickstart"

You can already start the application in dev mode using:

CLI
quarkus dev
Maven
./mvnw quarkus:dev
Gradle
./gradlew --console=plain quarkusDev

Then, creates a new Jakarta REST resource with the following content:

src/main/java/org/acme/vertx/EventResource.java
package org.acme.vertx;

import io.smallrye.mutiny.Uni;
import io.vertx.mutiny.core.eventbus.EventBus;
import io.vertx.mutiny.core.eventbus.Message;

import jakarta.inject.Inject;
import jakarta.ws.rs.GET;
import jakarta.ws.rs.Path;
import jakarta.ws.rs.Produces;
import jakarta.ws.rs.core.MediaType;

@Path("/async")
public class EventResource {

    @Inject
    EventBus bus;

    @GET
    @Produces(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN)
    @Path("{name}")
    public Uni<String> greeting(String name) {
        return bus.<String>request("greeting", name)            (1)
                .onItem().transform(Message::body);            (2)
    }
}
1 将 name 发送到 greeting 地址，并要求作出回应
2 当我们得到响应时，提取正文并将其发送给用户

If you call this endpoint, you will wait and get a timeout. Indeed, no one is listening. So, we need a consumer listening on the greeting address. Create a GreetingService bean with the following content:

src/main/java/org/acme/vertx/GreetingService.java
package org.acme.vertx;

import io.quarkus.vertx.ConsumeEvent;

import jakarta.enterprise.context.ApplicationScoped;

@ApplicationScoped
public class GreetingService {

    @ConsumeEvent("greeting")
    public String greeting(String name) {
        return "Hello " + name;
    }

}

This bean receives the name, and returns the greeting message.

Now, open your browser to http://localhost:8080/async/Quarkus, and you should see:

Hello Quarkus

为了更好地理解，让我们详细介绍一下HTTP request/response 是如何被处理的：

  1. The request is received by the hello method

  2. 含有该 name 的消息被发送到事件总线

  3. 另一个Bean收到这个消息，并计算出响应

  4. 使用回复机制发回此响应

  5. 一旦发送方收到回复，会将内容写入 HTTP 响应

This application can be packaged using:

CLI
quarkus build
Maven
./mvnw install
Gradle
./gradlew build

You can also compile it as a native executable with:

CLI
quarkus build --native
Maven
./mvnw install -Dnative
Gradle
./gradlew build -Dquarkus.package.type=native

使用编解码器

Vert.x事件总线 使用编解码器来 序列化 和 反序列化 对象。Quarkus为本地交付提供了一个默认的编解码器。所以你可以按以下方式交换对象：

@GET
@Produces(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN)
@Path("{name}")
public Uni<String> greeting(String name) {
    return bus.<String>request("greeting", new MyName(name))
        .onItem().transform(Message::body);
}

@ConsumeEvent(value = "greeting")
Uni<String> greeting(MyName name) {
    return Uni.createFrom().item(() -> "Hello " + name.getName());
}

If you want to use a specific codec, you need to explicitly set it on both ends:

@GET
@Produces(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN)
@Path("{name}")
public Uni<String> greeting(String name) {
    return bus.<String>request("greeting", name,
        new DeliveryOptions().setCodecName(MyNameCodec.class.getName())) (1)
        .onItem().transform(Message::body);
}

@ConsumeEvent(value = "greeting", codec = MyNameCodec.class)            (2)
Uni<String> greeting(MyName name) {
    return Uni.createFrom().item(() -> "Hello "+name.getName());
}
1 设置用于发送消息的编解码器的名称
2 设置用于接收信息的编解码器

Related content

On the same topics

Quarkus is open. All dependencies of this project are available under the Apache Software License 2.0 or compatible license.

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